(The following recorded academic - scientific articles / journals from the past are re-posted through this channel with the intention for the 'creative common benefits.' )
A Journal Report on Weather
Modification in the United Republic
of Tanzania
By M.L.Chititewan Devakul, Pete, Sept. 2007.
As a result of the past years of drought
in the United Republic of Tanzania, the Tanzanian Government had made a request
to the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand, following a visit to Thailand by
the Tanzanian Prime Minister in 2006, for a cooperation in weather modification
by the Royal Rainmaking technology therefore, a team of Thai rain making
experts from the Bureau of Royal Rainmaking and Agricultural Aviation BRRAA,
who were as well joined by a team of concerned officials from the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs who brought up the matter, had been sent to Tanzania to carry
out the operations. This is strictly following the permission given by His Majesty
King Bhumibol Adulyadej to export his patented know-how of Royal Rainmaking
technique.
The first investigative study trip was
made in September 10th- 22nd, 2007. In this trip the draft
Memorandum of Understanding between the two countries has also been
finalised which consists of, besides its main contents of agreements and other designed
details of supplements and annexes, three planned main operational stages
first following a success, and implementation if so, of each one to the next as
follows.:
Stage 1 The demonstration of
weather modification by Royal Rainmaking technique in Tanzania
Stage 2 The training of weather modification by
Royal Rainmaking technique in Thailand
as well as in Tanzania
Stage 3 The implementation of
weather modification by Royal Rainmaking technique in Tanzania
Stage 1 The demonstration
of weather modification by Royal Rainmaking technique in Tanzania
This has been preliminarily agreed and expected
to be carried out around early March 2008, according to average monthly
& annual rain falls records and statistics, for the period of twenty days
with actual rain making demonstration work days of seven days.
The aim: is to demonstrate that weather modification by means of the
Royal Rainmaking technique, with its more than forty years of long history and
background of knowledge and expertise which is also recognised by the WMO, is
practical to be effectively and successfully done in Tanzania in order to
increase rain falls to boost energy as well as agricultural productions as
requested and intended by the Government of Tanzania.
During the first days of the trip the
Thai team paid a courtesy calls on Dr. Batilda Salha Burian, Minister of State,
Prime Minister’s Office, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Infrastructure
Development, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture Food and
Cooperatives, a visit to Ministry of Water, the Tanzanian Meteorology Agency,
and Tanzanian Electric Supply Co., Ltd.. The Minister of State also stated that
some budget had been set aside for the purpose of this project.
After several meeting sessions with
concerned team of Tanzanian representatives from the Ministry of Infrastructure
Development, Ministry of Agriculture Food and Cooperatives, Ministry of Water,
the Tanzanian Meteorology Agency, and Tanzanian Electric Supply Co., Ltd. (
TANESCO ), Tanzanian Civil Aviation Authority, as well as the University of Dar
es Salaam, all sides have reached a preliminary conclusion for the
implementation of this project accordingly.
The joined Thai – Tanzanian team also proceeded
on a pre-investigative trip during later days of the entire trip through
certain parts of Tanzania along the site of Usangu water catchments territory
which was planned and chosen by the Government of Tanzania to be the rain
target, to obtain various related information and data on local climatology,
hydrology, airport information, aircraft availability, and etc.
This journey: was made by departing Dar
es Salaam , where most of the meetings were held, first westward to
the town of Morogoro
Then further from Udzungwa lies the town
of Iringa Mbeya Dar es Salaam
From Mbeya the whole team flew back to
Dar es Slaam making an aerial observation via overhead Usangu flats, the
wetlands and swamp, abeam Iringa, Mtera reservoir, then landed at Dodoma and
took off again to Dar es Slaam. The overall flight time in a Beechcraft King
Air 200 of Tanzanian Air Services took 2
hours and 25 minutes.
It can be noticed that from Morogoro,
shortly to its south, where the mountain ridges which lies south-westward
toward Mbeya, also lies the Uluguru peak of 2,646 meters. Then between Morogoro
and Iringa is the location of 2,576 meters Lubombero peak in Udzungwa national
park. Continue further south-westward, on this same long mountain ridges, lies
another three high peaks of 2,458 meters Mbogo, Rungwe 2,960 meters, and 2,521
meters summit near a small high-land village
of Lisitu
*** In a big picture it can be remarkably
seen that Usangu rain catchments territory is in a rain shadow area as its
location is to the northwest of these mountain ridges of its water-shed where
most prevailing wind with ocean humidity is from the southeast. More and most
of natural rain would normally form up over and rain on the windward side of these mountains, except in the heavy months of
the rainy season. Therefore, with the Royal Rainmaking technique, it is very
possible to induce and enhance more rain to be targeted over dry Usangu flats
and areas nearby and further around as well as most of its surrounding
mountainous watershed and tributary-rivers. ***
After on site
study trips the Thai team has accordingly come across in choosing a small
town of Iringa
The reason is
that :
1) Iringa
lies importantly closest to the path of planned seedings or air sprayings of
rain making substances in relation to seasonal prevailing wind, as well as its
best proximity to the water catchments areas of Usangu and surrounding high
mountain-ridges and water shed itself which also offer climatological
advantages for natural clouds to as well form up. In a simple word Iringa is
where we want rain and to see a lot more rain around it. Therefore, Iringa is first
best as operational base especially, when weather radar is not available. In
this case, airplane observation as well as actual site-weather observation are one
of the advantages provided that the base is just nearby.
2) Shipping and
delivering of rain making substances to Iringa is not in any way showing any difficulty.
Its location to port is not too far. Besides, road and transportation systems
are efficient nowadays even though the distance is much greater in some other
cases.
3) In selecting
operational base, the key is to minimize operational overhead costs. Rain
making is expensive however, it does not have to be. Therefore, minimizing
flight time burning smallest amount of fuel, less CO2 emission as well, is a must,
therefore, always stay near the rain target. Keep in mind that cutting down all
costs to minimum is best practice. To stay cost efficient is the key to success
in rain enhancement. In this case Iringa is half a success.
4) Working on
rain making, operational aircrafts must be able to take off quick, come back to
land as well as reloading of rain making substances quick enough to take off
again at any time. Clouds do change formation every second. None or only small air
traffic frequency is preferable at the base. The small airfield of Iringa is
perfect. Besides, several alternate airports are located just around nearby in
almost every direction.
5) Preparation
before flights getting rain making substances ready needs a tidy isolated place
to work on even though they are non toxic substances. A good space and room for
storage is also needed. Iringa looks fine for this.
6) Today’s communication
systems of telephone, fax, internet, and etc. are much highly improved
therefore, selecting a remote site as base post no problem. Lines can be linked
up wire, mobile or satellite. It’s a
good practice to get it done as these technologies also help reducing
operational costs as well as making the result of weather modification much
more effective. This is not too difficult to get it set up.
7) Airport
facilities, runway condition, and etc. at Iringa post no problem in general to the
operation as today’s aircrafts are designed for real rugged terrain, have high
performances, and etc. All further arrangements
of fuel delivery and fueling are responsible by the BP Co., Ltd. or the British
Petroleum. For Navigational Aid at Iringa today’s GPS can accurately does all
the jobs.
8) Always bear
in mind that even though the nearby town of the selected operational base
provides less convenience to the personnel staying and working there, however, the
selected base has to be used, as the priority is the success and economical
operations of the rain making. That’s why Iringa.
9) In deciding
and selecting operation base, always check various charts, as well as maps.
Today’s even simple good tourist maps are also very informative as they show
places in different perspective and aspects. Newspaper, magazines, and most
related literatures are good source of data too. When doing site inspection,
talking to a lot of local people is a very good practice as so many things
could be learnt from that. Follow your instinct and be rain-maker minded. Iringa
is a good choice.
10) Notams and
all other permissions concerning this mission have been first discussed with
Tanzanian Civil Aviation Authority. So far green light is shown for all
matters.
( In the site
study trip, a town of Mbeya and its small soft-field air-strip is also seen as one
of good operational bases as it situates at 5,600 feet ABV MSL where it lies
just next to the catchment area of Usangu and high mountain ridges. However its
distance to the port is quite far. )
The MOU:
According to the draft MOU, which has been finalized during the
first days of the meetings, the overall costs for this project would initially
be, in general, shared by the two countries in which :
Tanzania would responsible on the cost of
shipping and delivering of rain making substances from source to the
demonstration sites, all costs of required operational aircrafts, storage and
required working facilities.
*************************************************************
The Demonstration: The Royal Rainmaking
technique:
The technique to be used in Tanzania
It is known that the process of weather
modification aimed for enhancing precipitation, the making of rain, in Thailand
Triggering:
is the first step for warm cloud stimulation and seeding. This is
applied by the use of hygroscopic chemical such as, Sodium Chloride which is
simply known as powdered sea salt. This substance, at one certain amount, is
sprayed into the atmosphere, at one certain altitude, or approximately at top
or mid section to upper shoulder of some existing clouds, in order to attract
humidity in the air to create Cloud Condensation Nuclei which will even more
form up as visible cloud. The cloud would naturally develop itself upward which
is led by its latent heat which it occurs during the process that water vapour
condenses into droplets. The higher the relative humidity levels the better result is seen. In this
circumstances WX data observed by Auto Tracking Rawinsonde Balloon of Lifted
Convective Level as well as Convective Condensation Level, wind direction and
velocity, local topography and climatology, and many other factors are used as important
guidance in deciding the operation targets aimed for certain precipitation
traget areas. The most simple way of APOB or airplane observation also plays
important role especially, PIREP the pilot report.
Fattening: is the second step to enhance the development of cloud by the use of
exothermic chemicals such as, Calcium Chloride or Calcium Oxide in order to
further add up soaring. As when these chemical/s in the form of powder is
released into the air approximately either on top or at cloud’s upper shoulder
it would attract humidity and simultaneously increases its temperature to
become a lot warmer. The amount of water vapor that makes up cloud now builds
up its intensity as well as releases latent heat adding up even more soaring
activity which makes cloud develops further up highly intensified with even
more water vapor to become droplets through its collision and coalescence
processes. Good instability as well as lifted indexes and observed higher K
index, the moisture and instability level, is certainly even more favorable for
better result. When there is a kind of “
buttermilk ” sky the same exothermic chemicals can also be sprayed at top of
Alto-clouds in order to create even more soaring and to trig the development of
those clouds to break free from layers to much higher altitude.
Attacking: is the third step of bringing rain cloud to yield rain. Now endothermic
chemicals, the cold substances, such as Urea or Ammonium Nitrate are used near
cloud base and underneath the rain cloud to sink the cloud base as well as to
lower the temperature to its dew point where water vapor finally condenses and
builds up further to become rain droplets and through chain reaction process.
Dry ice, in crushed flakes, which is simply a frozen Carbon Dioxide is also
very effectively used under the cloud base. “ Virga ” type of rain can also be
intensified by the use of dry ice and Urea to stimulate further condensation,
increase RH making rain droplets larger and well reach the ground. In the
process of attacking both hygroscopic exothermic and endothermic chemicals and
substances can be simultaneously used to attack the same cloud at different
altitudes as it has been invented and named as “ Sandwich Technique ” by His
Majesty the King.
A sample method on cold cloud operation
only:
( His Majesty the King also invented the
method of “ Super Sandwich Technique ”
with the use of additional aircraft at higher altitude than aircrafts operating
on lower level warm clouds to attack the super-cooled cell of Cumulonimbus
cloud using Silver Iodide flares normally fired into the cloud at 21,500 feet
close to its top. This is when there are certain conditions and activities,
which is observed by airplane, inside the cloud such as an up draft of at least
1,000 feet/minute and internal temperature of minus 8 to minus 12 degrees
Celsius. The same technique can be used with this type of supercell
thunderstorm, which is known to create severe destructive hailstorm turning it
into more rain instead. This is possible when S-Band Doppler WX Surveillance
radar spots the strong cell and sending a standby aircraft up for operations. )
Aircrafts, Rainmaking
substances, Equipments, and Personnel.
Aircrafts
So far, after the past recent survey trip, since the Government of Tanzania own no aircraft for this purpose, (except the Tanzanian Airforce who own the Chinese made Y12 which are used for VIP only) one of the air taxi-charter services in Tanzania, seems to have good potential to be hired for this mission. Tanzanian Air Services Co., Ltd. has been visited by the teams making investigative study to express and discussed the intention and some details of possible mission using their aircraft rental services.
The company own
the Cessna Grand Caravans amongst many other types of general aviation aircrafts.
It has been chosen and planned that the Grand Caravans are suitable for this
job and that the aircraft modification can be easily done following the sample
of present BRRAA’s aircrafts.
Feed back from
the Tanzanian Air Services Co., Ltd. shows that they are much interested to
this job. The rest is whether the company would be chosen by the Tanzanian
Government or not.
Rainmaking
substances, and Equipments
At this moment,
it was found that none of the rain making substances are available in Tanzania
Storage and all
preparation equipments of rain making substances would have to be set up.
Details need to soon be worked out with the Tanzanian team.
Rawinsonde balloon
and all related equipments may be required to be brought from Thailand to Tanzania
Personnel
It is a must
that the flying technique, on weather modification by Royal Rainmaking
technology, strictly follows correct flying patterns.
Therefore, for
this mission required personnel may have to be as follows:
* Three Weather
Modification flyer-pilots, one to perform the role of
Team Leader
* Three
Meteorologists-Scientist-Rain Making Academics
* Seven rain
making substances personnel-mechanics
* One
secretary-Rain Making Academics / (Total of 14 personnel)
************** In Conclusion: Rain Making in Tanzania Tanzania
However, the
demonstration stage is always possible, as it would be also helpful, if the budgets
especially, for the cost of flyings and others can as well be subsidized by any
additional organization.
There is no
doubt for the success and effectiveness of weather modification by means of
Royal Rainmaking technology. The rain making by this method is also confirmed
to be absolutely environmental friendly as is recognized by the WMO, as well as
the endorsed evidences of its own long history, records, and statistics.
For future, the
mission of rain making in Tanzania itself in a long term, in the good sides, as
can be thought of, some rain making aircrafts can, for instance, also help to
fly in some other beneficial missions such as, aerial observation or, as well
as the flying doctor providing more vaccination and medication to people in remote
places as combining missions making the entire project even more meaningful.
Cost and burden
of personnel, equipments, and weather data obtaining for rain making purposes
can also in addition help predicting the weather, also in a way of storm watch and
warning, and as part of national water resource management.
***** It is
also very important that correct understanding on the subject of weather
modification the rain making be urgently and strongly built up amongst the entire public where the
mission would be done. It’s as well a vice versa that we should learn of what,
how, when, and where the public need.
*******************************************************************************
A Supplement,
An up dated fact: The
benefits of weather modification against climate change and global warming
Three years ago the (“Scientific American
magazine”) reported an interesting article as partly quoted as follows:
{“ Far more shrinking of earth green-land
surfaces with the consequences of lower
relative humidity in the atmosphere can give even higher affect for
fewer Cumulonimbus, the rain clouds, to naturally form up. Climate scientists,
with the aid of diving robots probing the world’s warming seas, have found the
heat exchange between Earth and space is seriously out of balance – what the
researchers called a “ smoking gun ” discovery that validates forecasts of
global warming.”
“ It is reported that average globe
temperature will rise approx. 0.6 degree C this century as the result of
greenhouse effect which has been built up by human-made gases even if these
gases are capped tomorrow. Director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space
Studies at Columbia
University
Now normally, clouds especially Cirrus
and some other middle clouds also play its roles in helping to cool down Earth
as they reflect sunlight. This means that without enough of them earth’s
atmosphere can be a lot warmer. Dry season can be prolonged and that there can
be even more destructions caused by severe storm - hail storms which form up
due to extremely warm heat low pressure fueled by high relative humidity and
strong sun.
When drought hits various parts of the
world its fresh water sources consequently reduced causing further ecological
imbalanced to most rivers and waterways which yield more fresh water shortage
in the dry season. Besides, forests would become too dry and that forest fire
has higher tendency to be even more severe and can get out of control. In this
case Earth’s watersheds are more destroyed as well as more greenhouse gas are
added.
One among many other scientific ways that
can do some partly very good little help to the mother-nature in reducing the
impact of these situations is the application of “weather modification” which
is known as rain making in a simpler term. Besides directly adding more rain
water, enhancing precipitation, and creating much more larger clouds to help
cool down the Earth, in a big picture, weather modification can certainly, more
or less, balance the atmospheric pressure conditions as well as creating better
nature and environments of healthier geography of mountains, forests, rivers,
oceans, and living things of some certain parts of the world for us to live in
peacefully. A country with good nature and environment can boost good GDP and
can be a good place for people to live in happily - GDH, especially in a way of
sufficiency economy and in harmony.
Also by modifying the weather for more
rain over the forests for better and larger green areas enhancing more healthy
forests in the tropical regions can, far more and in a long term, genuinely
help cool down the earth atmosphere fighting with global warming, as well as
cutting down too high rate of water evaporation, as healthy forests release
water by transferring it onto the sky which repeatedly creating suitably and
appropriately more clouds and rains balancing the entire nature.
It is also a prestige that in the Kingdom of Thailand
Rain making always requires genuine
precision when working on the tasks. Basically, for rain making all small
things should be counted and taken caution, such as when rain making operation
is engaged every time aircrafts fuel are burned, not just the expenses, but
also it adds little more greenhouse gas of CO2 to the atmosphere. In addition,
one can avoid wasting energy and costs in producing as well as delivering,
transporting, and handling of the rain making substances used in certain
weather modification operations. Therefore, in general, it is only when the
water sheds and the soils need more water, then rain making is normally
done only, and immediately, when weather condition in general is reasonably
favorable to be modified with high precision strictly according to certain applied
theory and techniques of rain making, to make even more certain that it shall
always yield worth results.
Now to make the
rain making worth even more, up stream check dams wherever suitable, possible,
and practical should and can be built in most forests which they finally feed
all bigger reservoirs and dams. When we make sure that we have a healthy rainy
season by means of weather modification as when it is necessary then we would
certainly have a healthy environment and healthy nation.
This write up is
to be continued on the following matters:
Stage 2 The training of
weather modification by Royal Rainmaking technology in Thailand as well as in Tanzania
Stage 3 The implementation of weather
modification by Royal Rainmaking technology in Tanzania
End.
Written by M.L.Chititewan Devakul / September 2007
***********************************************************
The implementation of weather
modification by Royal
Rainmaking technology in the United Republic of Tanzania
Rainmaking technology in the United Republic of Tanzania
Overview:
The climatology and topography of lower central Tanzania, westward around Morogoro, Udsungwa, Iringa, Mafinga, Usangu flats, Chimala, and Mbeya, is very well considered to be suitable for rain making operation intended, by the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania, for Usangu catchment territory as the main target.
The entire place
shares the same world’s tropical weathers. Besides, the advantage is that the
territory is situated in the in-land vicinity of the Indian
Ocean which provides influential seasonal humid wind with further
favorable factor, for weather modification aimed for rain enhancement, of high
and low plains with mountainous ridges and peaks that lie east to
south-westward which of those are some rain forests. ( Part of this strategies
could also possibly represent some reasonable guidance for the demonstration
stage of the Royal Rainmaking Technology in 2008. )
Objectives:
The secret of success is “Work”, and to work it right out with appropriate strategy and suitability for local climate conditions, as well as capability, in order to achieve best result. All the works must also be carried out in economical manners, saving more energy, to make the outcomes to be most cost effective and clean.
During initial years the Thai experts would also work along with the Tanzanian personnel in order to reassure that the Royal Rainmaking technology and techniques are theoretically and practically applied efficiently, accurately, and effectively. This can as well be an additional important part of the on-job training for both sides to perhaps learn more of new things.
Strategies:
According to topography of all the territories and its surrounding regions from Rufiji River Basin on the east up to Usangu on the west, the fact is, it can be noticed that from Morogoro, shortly to its south, where the mountain ridges which lies south-westward toward Mbeya, also lies the Uluguru peak of 2,646 meters.
Then between Morogoro and Iringa is the location
of 2576 meters Lubombero peak in Udzungwa national park. Continue further
south-westward, on this same long mountain ridges, lies another three high
peaks of 2458 meters Mbogo, Rungwe 2960 meters, and 2521 meters summit near a
small high-land village
of Lisitu
*** Now in a big picture it can be remarkably seen that Usangu rain catchments is in what is called the rain shadow area as its location is to the northwest of these high plains and mountain ridges of its water-shed where most of the prevailing wind with ocean humidity is from the southeast. More and most of natural rain would normally form up over and rain on the windward side of these mountains, except in the heavy months of the rainy season. Therefore, with the Royal Rainmaking technology, applying in different techniques, it is very possible to induce and enhance more rain to be as well targeted over dry Usangu flats and areas nearby and further around as well as most of its surrounding mountainous watersheds and most tributary-rivers.
*** *** According to local hydrology, these water sources can
be divided into two main regions of which:
* The first one is the water-sheds, originally from the high mountains around Mbeya; Chimala; Mafinga, of the Usangu flats – wetlands and upper Great Ruaha as well as the Lesser Ruaha rivers that feed the Mtera dam. (The area is shown in the following map of encircled large black oval shape line.)
* The second one would be the water-sheds, originally from the mountains east of Iringa and the Udsungwa peaks, of the Lukosi and the lower Great Ruaha rivers that feed the Kidatu dam. *** (The area is shown in the following map of encircled smaller black oval shape line.)
The map shows, on the upper right the town of Morogoro , next near the center the town of Iringa Mbeya.
*** Map Symbols:* Red Ovals = Encircle high mountain peaks and ridges* Black Ovals = Encircle mountainous ridges and various
water-sheds (Larger oval = Water-sheds of Usangu flats wetlands and the
Lesser Ruaha River, Smaller oval
= Watersheds of Lukosi River and lower Great Ruaha
River
Therefore, in
this case, three strategies can be thought of :Firstly, when the prevailing humid ocean
wind is averagely between the northeast and/or down to the south, then Usangu
water-catchment can be the main aim for rain enhancement to feed the upper
Greater Ruaha. Providing that the overall conditions for rain making mission is
most suitable, according to weather data obtained, and that the watersheds and
the soils there need more water along with future weather forecast of less
natural rain, then:
The seeding operations would normally be approximately around Mafinga aiming at surrounding mountainous ridges and westward mountains where there’s a possible presence of good natural soaring rain clouds.
The targets are all mountainous watersheds
and tributary rivers, the Lesser Ruaha River, the Western and Eastern wetlands
of Usangu flats and the swamp that feed the upper Great Ruaha
River Secondly, in the dryer months of lower
relative humidity which is when the operation near Mafinga aiming for Usangu is
not really favorable, to save overhead costs, then with different strategy the
seedings could be turned to also or solely aim at the more naturally wetter Udzungwa
mountains to feed the lower Ruaha river, as well as all the important
watershed-tributaries of Lukosi river on the west, to directly keep
the Kidatu dam well alive as well as the Rufiji River Basin itself. This
way even when the Mtera dam runs low the Kidatu would still get extra water
from its own lower sources.
Operational
base:
Iringa as the
operational base is more than perfect for all these seeding operations for
various targets. This same
place is also a suitable location for future weather radar station which
is recommended as important equipment
for the effectiveness of the weather modification missions as well as
evaluation, records, statistics, and weather forecasting. Iringa is also best,
as being situated approximately in the central of nearby all intended water
catchment targets, where the Auto Tracking Rawinsonde balloon for obtaining
upper air data should be launched. This would give average weather data
information which can be used to represent most of the
territory. Besides, this small airport itself sits at 4,600 feet ABV MSL
with some even higher up-land mountains around.
*** Alternatively, whenever the real dryness of air mass hit the above territories hardly, then the whole operation of weather modification could be move to Mbeya.
The areas around Mbeya with its higher peaks of mountainous ridges and good forests then it is possible to squeeze and gather the remaining humid air over these big mountains by ways of on top orographic cloud triggering to make this air mass formed up and further developed as rain clouds.
The operational base can also be moved to Mbeya to save the flying operation overhead costs. In fact with the elevation of Mbeya airfield at 5,600 feet ABV MSL, it yields even more advantage for flying operation. Time of climbing of aircrafts for triggering seedings, fattening, and attacking would be a lot shorter and can be even more précised with the result. The total flight time itself would be a lot less as the operational target is in close proximity to the landing strip.
This is
actually the third strategy, to use Mbeya as operational base in which
the rain catchment target is again the same water-sheds of the
upper Great Ruaha and the Lesser Ruaha rivers.
Methodology:
Warm cloud seedings would be firstly the main aim for the operations.With the morning launch of the Auto Tracking Rawinsonde balloon result shows good K index, the moisture and instability level, as well as good lifted index, it means the condition is generally favorable for rain making operation. Other upper air weather data also obtained are Relative Humidity at different altitudes, Lifted Convective Level, Convective Condensation Level, wind direction and velocity of local topography and climatology, and many other factors which are used as important guidance in deciding of what, when, where, and how the operation would be. APOB or airplane observation also plays important role especially, the PIREP the pilots report. Data from local meteorological station at each airfield as well gives additional important information.
According to
the Royal Rainmaking technology of theory and technique, plan to use the first
step seeding – triggering of hygroscopic exothermic substance of F1 to
create CCN, at certain selected suitable
estimated altitude above high terrain and beyond on the upwind side of the
mountains. Then, after a short while, apply the second step known as fattening
of different stronger exothermic substances of F6 or F8 in the atmosphere
nearby down the wind, in relation to the first step, according to its direction
and velocity. Third step can be on top of or near mountain ridges using both
hygroscopic exothermic of F1 at higher altitude as well as endothermic
substances of F4 at lower altitude to make the existing clouds develop even
more as heavy rain clouds.
Fourth step
would be on the downwind side of the mountains, using endothermic agents of F3
or F19 or F4 as well as in a mixture with F1, to attack the clouds quick
at the right time to pull and sink the cloud base closer to target and finally
bring down the dew point temperature to now make those intense rain clouds to
yield rain over the intended targets.
Over the
mountainous territory whenever the existing weather appearances are of
orographic clouds or a kind of butter-milk formation type then by the use of
F6, F8, and F4 can also trigger as well as fatten those clouds to develop
itself vertically. Follow up with F1 and F4 at top and above the base of the
same clouds would finally make it become intense rain clouds that can be
attacked with F3 or F19 to pull it to rain over the water-sheds mountains.F1 = Sodium Chloride, F3 = Frozen
Carbon Dioxide, F4 = Urea, F6 = Calcium Chloride,F8 = Calcium Oxide, F19 = Ammonium
Nitrate When the warm cloud operation is
accurate, efficient, and précised, then cold cloud operation using Silver
Iodide flare to work with the warm cloud operations as in the Super Sandwich
technique can possibly, if needed, be planned along for even more
effectiveness. The different flying techniques can
be used, for example, the flying-seeding technique during dry adiabatic
temperature lapse rate inversion.
Written, Planned, Architected, and Illustrated
by M.L.Chititewan Devakul September 2007
"The best souvenir, of a life time, from Africa for myself."
Highly appreciate and admire their operations,
The Flying Doctors' Society of Africa.
Just really love it.
All the very best to all dedicated people,
******************************************************************
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The following outlines below are under construction and to be drafted further when the project gets going for its second phase:
The
outcome
The time frame
The equipment & personnel
The budget
The development
**************************************************
The training of weather modification
by Royal Rainmaking technology in the
United Republic of Tanzania
Overview
of history and backgroundThe technology and the technique
The personnel, and the on-job training
********* END *********
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See also:
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See also:
Rainmaking Malaysia, please click
Experimental operation - rainmaking in Jordan, please click
Rainmaking Jordan, please click
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